Government policy is the course of action that a government adopts in response to a political issue. It is conceived by groups in society who formulate strategy with regard to specific political problems and implemented by government officials who shape legislation and enact policies as concrete programs and actions.
Public policy issues are shaped by the ideologies of those in power, as well as the needs and resources available to government. The nature of these issues is also often defined by the need to regulate activities within and beyond national borders, and to address societal concerns like poverty, crime, and environmental degradation.
Policymakers can make decisions about a variety of issues, from social welfare programs like unemployment benefits and child care to education reform and healthcare policy. Substantive policies, such as curriculum enhancement, teacher training programs, and criminal sentencing reform, are geared towards solving particular societal challenges.
A policy debate is a form of public debate that allows students to learn how to critically examine the laws, regulations, and policies that govern societies. Debaters identify possible problems with current conditions, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of changing policy, as they argue whether or not a resolution is desirable, feasible, or necessary. This is an important skill for those pursuing careers in politics, as it teaches them how to identify the possible consequences of their proposals and defend their arguments against opponents.